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B. J. P'ETIT. Apparatus for Cooling Liquids.

No. 238,961. Patent ed March 15, 1881.,

* VWMMMW MFETERQ. PHDTO-LITHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON D c.

-UNITED STATES ATENT Erica.

EMILE J. PETI'I, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 238,961, dated March 15,1881.

Application filed uly 14, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE JULEs PETIT, of Paris, in the Republic ofFrance, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatusfor Cooling Liquids, specially applicable to the treatment of fattyacids, of which improvements the following is a specification.

In the treatment of the fatty acids in stearinc-works the oleine whichflows from the cold press carries with it portions of margarine andother bodies, the quantity of which is greater or less in proportion tothe temperature of the medium in which the presses are. In summer,especially, this proportion is very considerable. There would be anotable loss in the manufacture if, by a combination of operations, themargarine or other bodies were not separated from the liquid parts. Itis chiefly to effect this result under simpler and more economicalconditions than hitherto that the process and apparatus for coolingwhich form the subject of the present invention have been devised.

The construction of the improved apparatus is based upon thecircumstances that fatty bodies are very bad conductors of heat, andthat it is very difficult to solidify them in the mass. For this reasonthe principle of cooling in thin layers in order to produce thesolidification is adopted. This principle is carried out in a continuousandmechanical manner by means of the apparatus the construction andaction of which I now proceed to describe.

Figure 1 is an end elevation of the apparatus, and Fig. 2 a sideelevation, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a detail View on an enlargedscale.

The essential partof the apparatus is a hollow drum, A, open through thecenter. It is formed of two cheeks or ends, a, of copper or othernon'attackable metal, connected by an outer and an inner drum orcylinder, b and 0, so as to form between these drums an internal annularspace, through which a continuous circulation of cold water is to bekept up. The outer drum or cylinder, 0, which constitutes thecooling-surface, is preferably made very thin--of zinc, for example. Theannular drum is carried, by means of arms 01, by a horizontal shaft, M,to which aslow continuous rotary movement is imparted by hand ormechanically by means of the pulley]? and gear D E.

In order to effect the continuous circulation of water through the drumA, the ends of the shaft M are made hollow. The cold water obtained by apipe, t, is conducted by a pipe to one end, 0, of the shaft, from whichit is carried by another pipe, f, into the drum. It leaves the drum atthe other side by a pipe, g, and by the other end, 0, of the shaft, fromwhich a pipe, h, conducts it into the jacketed side of a vessel, B,hereinafter referred to. The outer surface of the revolving drumconstitutes the cooling-surface for the liquid to be solidified. Aninclined trough, it, supported. by a bracket from the frame Z, is placedat the back of the drum, as low as possible, and below the reservoir R,containing the liquid which runs from the cold press. The flow from thepress is regulated by means of-a cock, 1'. This trough, upon which a.sheet of liquid falls, is made to fit closely against the drum by theinterposition of a small strip of caoutchouc, 6. Should, however, anydrops of liquid pass between the trough and the drum they would becaughtin the basin B below. The liquid, as soon as it comes into contactwith'the outer surface of the drum, coagulates in a granular andcrystalline state. It forms 011 the drums a thin continuous and solid orconcrete layer, which is removed at the other side of the drum by anelastic scraper, Z. This material falls in the state of shavings againsta vertical plate, m, which conducts it into the jacketed vessel B,hereinbefore mentioned, in which it is kept in this state by thecirculation of cold water. It is from this vessel B that the material istaken to the filter-presses. It is then submitted to the mechanicaltreatment, which effects the separation of the liquids by the ordinarymeans.

The apparatus is applicable not only to the special purpose hereinbeforedescribed, but also to other operations and manufactures, where a liquidbody is required to be cooled, either to thicken and solidify it or tolower its temperature.

1 Instead of employing water as the cooling medium, other agents-such asair or ice, for example-may be used, and, if necessary, re-

frigerating-mixtures, according to the degree of cold to be obtained.

Having thus described my said invention and the manner in which the sameis or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the annular drum formed of anouter and an inner cylinder and journaled in bearings, in combinationwith inlet and outlet pipes communicating with the annular space betweensaid cylinders, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a drum journaled in bearings, a trough fittingclosely against the drum, a jacketed vessel or basin located under 15the drum, and an elastic scraper arranged to remove adhering matter fromthe surface of the drum, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed myname to this specification beforetwo subscribing wit- '20 nesses.

EMILE JULES PETIT.

Witnesses:

RoBT. M. HOOPER, .A. CABY.

